Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of metals that are essential for a wide range of high-tech applications, including electronics, renewable energy technologies, and defense systems. REEs are found in relatively low concentrations in the Earth's crust, making them difficult and expensive to extract. As a result, these metals are considered to be "rare" compared to more abundant metals, such as iron or copper. Research in the field of rare earth elements focuses on understanding their geochemistry, occurrence, extraction, and processing techniques. Scientists are also studying the environmental impact of REE mining and refining processes, as well as exploring alternative sources and technologies for REE production. The demand for rare earth elements is expected to continue to rise as technologies like electric vehicles, wind turbines, and smartphones become more prevalent. As such, research in this area is critical for ensuring a stable and sustainable supply of these essential metals for future generations.